In symposium 2, genetic and molecular biology approaches which is critical to understand basic bone metabolism and development of novel therapeutic potential. Professor Dongsu Park of Baylor college of medicine will introduce recent discoveries on the compartment-specific skeletal stem cells and their regulatory mechanisms. Professor Yonghwan Kim of Sookmyung women’s university will share his research data on the identification of newly discovered genetic variations in skeletal dysplasia, a rare genetic disorder responsible for the abnormal development of skeletal system. Finally, Professor Se Hwan Mun of Sookmyung women’s university will discuss novel therapeutic target of osteoporosis, especially on the role of E3 ligase that regulates ubiquitin modification of proteins. The process of developing new therapeutics based on the through understanding of skeletal development and regulatory mechanisms will be intriguing for both basic scientists and clinicians.